Temporal and spatial variations of ecosystem photosynthetic parameters in arid and semi-arid areas of China and its influencing factors

Spatial and temporal patterns of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in arid and semi-arid China

Pollen data from 30 sites in arid and semi-arid regions of China were reviewed to document regional patterns of Holocene vegetation and climate change and to understand the large-scale controls on these changes. Vegetation at most sites in eastern Inner Mongolia switched between forest, forest steppe, and typical steppe, showing maximum moisture conditions before 6 ka (1 ka 1⁄4 1000 cal yr BP) ...

Soils of Arid and Semi-arid Areas

Simulation of the catchments hydrological processes in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas

Hydrological processes and their spatial distribution directly are relevant to climate, topography, geology, and land use in the watershed. Therefore, use of a model whit integrity and high performance for simulating the process in deferent watersheds is very important. In this study was assessment performance of semi-distributed SWAT model in simulating hydrology processes in three watersheds ...

patterns and variations in native and non-native interlanguage pragmatic rating: effects of rater training, intercultural proficiency, and self-assessment

although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

the study of practical and theoretical foundation of credit risk and its coverage

پس از بررسی هر کدام از فاکتورهای نوع صنعت, نوع ضمانت نامه, نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریسک اعتباری کشورها, کارمزد, ریکاوری, gdp, پوشش و وثیقه بر ریسک اعتباری صندوق ضمانت صادرات ایران مشخص گردید که همه فاکتورها به استثنای ریسک اعتباری کشورها و کارمزد بقیه فاکتورها رابطه معناداری با ریسک اعتباری دارند در ضمن نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریکاوری, و نوع صنعت و ریسک کشورها اثر عکس روی ریسک اعتباری داردو پوشش, وثی...